relatie vitaminetekort en tandvleesontsteking ?

Author:
ballo
Posted:
wo, 11/04/2009 - 09:26
Hallo iedereen,

Ik heb een vraag of er een relatie is tussen tandvleesontsteking en vitaminetekort. :-?
Heb Google er ook op losgelaten maar daar word ik niet veel wijs uit. :-?
Heb een eerdere posting gedaan over een ontsteking voor en na het trekken van een verstandskies en daar houdt het ook verband mee.
Moet ook bekennen dat ik weleens licht terugtrekkend tandvlees heb maar daar geen last van ondervindt. :smt003
Zoja,welke vitaminetekort(en) zijn er dan mogelijk en in welke soorten fruit of groenten kan je deze vinden ?
Spiegeltje

Ernstig en langdurig vitamine C tekort kan leiden tot opzwellen en bloeden van het tandvlees (scheurbuik). Maar in de Westerse wereld komt dat eigenlijk niet meer voor, of er moet wel sprake zijn van een zeer eenzijdig dieet. Een verdere relatie is er, voor zover ik weet, niet. Ik zou de oplossing van uw probleem niet in extra vitamines zoeken dus.
wo, 11/04/2009 - 11:29 Permalink
Lieneke

Jawel, de relatie is er wel. Maar het is enkel hard bewijs te vinden bij dierproeven en niet bij mensen. Wel is er relatie gevonden tussen overgewicht en tandvleesontsteking bij mensen.
Gezonde voeding kan helpen tandvlees gezonder te maken, maarrrrrrr (!!!!) alleen gezond eten is niet de oplossing. Je zal je mond zo goed mogelijk moeten gaan schoonmaken, wil je gezond tandvlees krijgen. Het vraagt een goede poetsmethode en een interdentaal middel.

Voeding dat je weerstand verhoogd om tandvleesontsteking tegen te gaan:
Veel vis eten, minder vlees eten
Noten
Groente (vooral rauwkost) en fruit
Veeeel volkorenbrood met halvarine

Dus eigenlijk niet anders dan dat al bekend staat als gezonde voeding.
wo, 11/04/2009 - 12:02 Permalink
Spiegeltje

Voeding dat je weerstand verhoogd om tandvleesontsteking tegen te gaan:
Veel vis eten, minder vlees eten
Noten
Groente (vooral rauwkost) en fruit
Veeeel volkorenbrood met halvarine

(Wetenschappelijke) bron? Ik geloof er nog steeds niks van dat veel vis (en minder vlees) of volkorenbrood (met halvarine) in het menu leidt tot een verhoging van "de weerstand" (wat dat ook moge zijn).

N.B. Als een mens echt ongezond eet kan ie tal van ziektes oplopen, en misschien ook wel eerder ontstoken tandvlees maar het ging TS meer om de vraag of het beter letten op vitamines in het voedsel haar probleem zou (helpen) oplossen. Volgens mij is daarvoor geen bewijs, maar ik hou me aanbevolen.
wo, 11/04/2009 - 12:53 Permalink
Spiegeltje

In mijn hele dikke 'klapper' (PubMed :D) vind ik geen overtuigend bewijs dat iemand met gingivitis baat heeft bij extra vitamine. Alleen in zeldzame gevallen kan een groot tekort aan vitamine C of B3 leiden tot parodontale afbraak en bloedend tandvlees maar dat is dan ook het enige overtuigende. In serieuze bronnen wordt dan ook niet geadviseerd de vitamine ' C inname, via voeding of anderszins, te verhogen met het oog op de behandeling of voorkomen van gingivitis. Ik heb er trouwens wel een paar waarin expliciet staat dat het geen effect heeft.

Hoewel op PubMed verder weinig is te vinden, zijn er wel een paar onderzoeken geweest met een kennelijk statistisch verband tussen de hoeveelheid van bepaalde vitamines in het bloed of toediening van supplementen en aan gingivitis gerelateerde parameters. Met name wat betreft vitamine D. Dat zit trouwens niet in voeding. Toch zeggen dat soort onderzoeken weinig zolang niet duidelijk is of de vastgestelde effecten (die kennelijk geen toeval zijn) daadwerkelijk door vitamine worden veroorzaakt. Daarover heb ik niks gevonden. Nu kan ik best iets gemist hebben want een goed literatuuronderzoek doe je niet even in een uurtje natuurlijk. Maar dan nog. Hier en daar wat aanwijzingen uit de literatuur is denk ik onvoldoende reden om te stellen dat er een (oorzakelijke) relatie bestaat tussen vitamines en gingivitis. En dus ook niet om voedingsadviezen te geven die daarmee verband te houden. Nu ben ik de laatste die beweert dat er geen verband is tussen bepaalde voeding en gingivitis maar daar ging het hier niet over.

Alles overziende denk ik dat je gewoon kunt stellen dat mensen met gingivitis hun mondhygiene beter op orde moeten brengen en zich niet druk moeten maken over het al of niet in voldoende mate aanwezig zijn van bepaalde vitamines in de voeding. Dat leidt volgens mij alleen maar af.
wo, 11/04/2009 - 19:57 Permalink
Lieneke

Dan hebben we een meningsverschil of ik heb een hele slechte cursus gevolgd. Hij was wel 20 punten waard.

Om parodontitis te krijgen moet er een 'gelegenheid' zijn in je lichaam; je afweer moet een dip/mankement hebben. Alleen plak is niet genoeg. Dus dan zou het logisch zijn, dat als je parodontitis wilt 'genezen' dat je de afweer optimaliseerd. Je hoeft niet perse een te kort te hebben om meer vitamine nodig te hebben. De aanbevolen hoeveelheid is een minimum.

Naja, je zou zelf de cursus moeten volgen wil je er een oordeel over kunnen velgen. Want het is te veel om hier te vertellen. Kijk op:
Louisebleekman.nl
wo, 11/04/2009 - 20:19 Permalink
Illuminus

Met name wat betreft vitamine D. Dat zit trouwens niet in voeding.


Welke van die pubmed onderzoeken zegt dat? Dat de hoeveelheid vitamine D (vooral D3) die we aan onze voeding onttrekken te weinig is om aan onze behoefte te voldoen is wat anders dan dat het niet in voeding voorkomt (vis, eieren, levertraan)...

Vitamine D3 speelt een rol in de collageensynthese en daarmee de synthese van het parodontale ligament. En kan daarom vervelende gevolgen hebben als de synthese/inname tekort schiet, net als vitamine C.

En hoewel scheurbuik een zeldzame verschijning is, komen dergelijke verschijnselen weldegelijk met regelmaat voor bij bijv. alcoholisten die vanwege hun hobby een nogal eenzijdig dieet plachten te bezigen.
wo, 11/04/2009 - 20:55 Permalink
Lieneke

Display Settings:AbstractFormat
SummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListApplySend to:Choose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrder

Format
Summary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID List
Create File

1 selected item: 19292104
Format
SummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID List
E-mail

Additional text

E-mail
"SPAM" filtering software notice

Add to Clipboard

Add to Collections
Order articles

Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2006 Jan-Mar;110(1):195-7.

[Nutrition and periodontal disease]
[Article in Romanian]

Indrei LL.

Universitatea de Medicină, şi Farmacie "Gr.T. Popa" Iaşi, Facultatea de Medicină Dentară, Disciplina de Igienă şi Igiena Alimentaţiei.

It is difficult ro assess the role of nutrition in the etiology and progression of periodontal disease because many other factors besides the local effect of plaque affect periodontal tissue metabolism. It is clear that nutrition can affect host response to bacterial plaque and it is also apparent that there may be a need for the intake of greater amounts of certain nutrients (such as ascorbic acid, iron etc.). Inadequate nutrient intake or deficiency is significant because of the number of interactions that occur during the assimilation of foods and the effects of stress and medication. Periodontal health cannot be achieved unless nutrient deficiency is corrected along with the other phases of treatment.

PMID: 19292104 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Joint Bone Spine. 2000;67(5):408-18.

Influence on bone metabolism of dietary trace elements, protein, fat, carbohydrates, and vitamins.
Sarazin M, Alexandre C, Thomas T.

Inserm E9901, Rheumatology department, Bellevue hospital, Saint-Etienne, France.

Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease driven primarily by the genetic factors that control bone metabolism. Among environmental factors, diet may play a key role, affording a target for low-cost intervention. Calcium and vitamin D are well known to affect bone metabolism. Other nutrients may influence bone mass changes; for instance, a number of trace elements and vitamins other than vitamin D are essential to many of the steps of bone metabolism. A wide variety of foods provide these nutrients, and in industrialized countries deficiencies are more often due to idiosyncratic eating habits than to cultural influences. Both culture and vogue influence the amount of carbohydrate, fat, and protein in the typical diet. In children, the current trend is to reduce protein and to increase carbohydrate and fat. Data from epidemiological and animal studies suggest that this may adversely affect bone mass and the fracture risk.

PMID: 11143907 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Br Dent J. 2008 Aug 23;205(4):E9; discussion 196-7. Epub 2008 Jul 25.

Attitudes and practices of dentists with respect to nutrition and periodontal health.
Kelly SA, Moynihan PJ.

School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE24BW. s.a.m.kelly@ncl.ac.uk

OBJECTIVE: To determine the opinions and attitudes of general dental practitioners and hygienists towards the role of nutrition in periodontal health. SETTING: The study was completed by general dental practitioners and dental hygienists throughout the UK. METHOD: A questionnaire was sent out with the British Dental Journal and BDA News together with explanatory information about the study. Postage was pre-paid for replies. RESULTS: Eight hundred and seventy-nine questionnaires were completed. Sixty-six percent of respondents believed nutrition plays a role in periodontal health. Dietary factors that were considered most important were vitamin C (70%), fruit and vegetables (64%) and antioxidant vitamins (45%). Forty-four percent had recommended nutrition supplements to their patients, with multivitamin and mineral supplements (37%) and vitamin C (30%) the most popular. Eighty-two percent of respondents sourced information from dental journals. Qualitative data highlighted uncertainty amongst respondents about the evidence base around nutrition and periodontal health and a lack of training opportunities. CONCLUSIONS: A majority of dentists consider that nutrition and dietary factors play a role in maintaining periodontal health. However, there was a need to increase awareness of the current state of the evidence for a role of nutrition in maintaining periodontal health. Concern regarding lack of an evidence base for the role of nutrition in the treatment of periodontal diseases suggests a need for further research into the therapeutic role of nutrition in periodontal disease management.

PMID: 18650799 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Adv Med Sci. 2007;52 Suppl 1:204-6.

Antioxidant activity of blood serum and saliva in patients with periodontal disease treated due to epilepsy.
Sobaniec H, Sobaniec W, Sendrowski K, Sobaniec S, Pietruska M.

Department of Pediatric Neurology and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Białystok, Poland.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to estimate the activity of chosen antioxidants in blood serum and saliva in patients with periodontal disease treated due to epilepsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-five epileptics and fifteen control persons were involved in the study. The activity of selected endogenous antioxidants were determined by spectrophotometric assay. Concentrations of vitamin A and vitamin E were measured using liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The analysis of the serum and saliva from patients with overgrown gingiva revealed: reduced activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, elevated lipid peroxides, and decreased concentration of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol. All values were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate on the oxidant-antioxidant disturbances in epileptic patients, which can play an important role in the pathomechanism of periodontal disease in these persons. Further studies on the role of antioxidants in patients with epilepsy treated with antiepileptic drugs and afflicted with gingival hyperplasia will be continued.

PMID: 18229666 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Salivary antioxidants and periodontal disease status.
Sculley DV, Langley-Evans SC.

Centre for Healthcare Education, University College Northampton, UK. Dean.Sculley@Northampton.ac.uk

Periodontal disease is a common chronic adult condition. The bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis has been implicated in the aetiology of this disease, which causes destruction of the connective tissue and bone around the root area of the tooth. It has been observed that invading P. gingivalis bacteria trigger the release of cytokines such as interleukin 8 and tumour necrosis factor a, leading to elevated numbers and activity of polymorphonucleocytes (PMN). As a result of stimulation by bacterial antigens, PMN produce the reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide via the respiratory burst as part of the host response to infection. Patients with periodontal disease display increased PMN number and activity. It has been suggested that this proliferation results in a high degree of ROS release, culminating in heightened oxidative damage to gingival tissue, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Antioxidant constituents in plasma have been well-documented, being chiefly ascorbate, albumin and urate, and these are known to display sensitivity to dietary antioxidant intakes. The concentration of antioxidants in saliva does not appear to mirror those of plasma. The extent of dietary influence upon salivary antioxidant status is unclear. Urate is the predominant salivary antioxidant, with albumin and ascorbate providing minor contributions. Previous research has found reduced salivary antioxidant activity in patients suffering from periodontal disease. An improved understanding of the role antioxidants play in periodontitis, and the influence of nutrition on antioxidant status, may lead to a possible nutritional strategy for the treatment of periodontal disease.

Local and systemic total antioxidant capacity in periodontitis and health.
Brock GR, Butterworth CJ, Matthews JB, Chapple IL.

Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

BACKGROUND: The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in periodontal pathology is unclear but will be modulated by in vivo antioxidant defence systems. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine both local (saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peripheral (plasma and serum) antioxidant capacity in periodontal health and disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty non-smoking volunteers with chronic periodontitis were sampled together with twenty age- and sex-matched, non-smoking controls. After overnight fasting, saliva (whole unstimulated and stimulated) and blood were collected. Total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) was determined using a previously reported enhanced chemiluminescence method. RESULTS: GCF antioxidant concentration was significantly lower (p<0.001) in periodontitis subjects compared to healthy controls. Although mean levels of peripheral and salivary TAOC were also lower in periodontitis the difference was only significant for plasma (p<0.05). Healthy subjects' GCF antioxidant concentration was significantly greater than paired serum or plasma (p<0.001). Data stratified for gender did not alter the findings and a male bias was revealed in all clinical samples except GCF. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the antioxidant capacity of GCF is both qualitatively and quantitatively distinct from that of saliva, plasma and serum. Whether changes in the GCF compartment in periodontitis reflect predisposition to or the results of ROS-mediated damage remains unclear. Reduced plasma total antioxidant defence could result from low-grade systemic inflammation induced by the host response to periodontal bacteria, or may be an innate feature of periodontitis patients.

PMID: 15191586 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Oral Dis. 2009 Sep;15(6):369-81. Epub 2009 May 15.

Nutrition and health: guidelines for dental practitioners.
Palacios C, Joshipura K, Willett W.

Nutrition Program, School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR. cristina.palacios@upr.edu

Good nutrition is vital to overall health, and poor diet and a sedentary lifestyle are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Nutritional factors are implicated in many oral and systemic diseases and conditions, including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, dental caries and some cancers including oral cancers. This review focuses on the evidence for the relations between key nutritional factors and health. Energy intake is related to body weight and obesity, highlighting the importance of lower-energy diets and regular physical activity for body weight maintenance and for preventing obesity. Evidence is presented for the health benefits of high quality carbohydrates, such as whole grain products, and fruits and vegetables, in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. The adverse effects of sugar, sweetened beverages, and trans and saturated fats on several diseases including caries, diabetes and cardiovascular disease are described. The health benefits of unsaturated fats, antioxidants, B vitamins and vitamin D in cardiovascular disease, periodontitis, cancer, and other conditions are documented. Both benefits and harmful effects of dairy product intake on health are discussed. Based on the evidence, nutritional guidelines are provided, as well as key recommendations for preventing obesity. Dentists can play a critical role in motivating and enabling healthy food choices.

PMID: 19467151 [PubMed - in process]

The impact of the stone age diet on gingival conditions in the absence of oral hygiene.
Baumgartner S, Imfeld T, Schicht O, Rath C, Persson RE, Persson GR.

Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Department of Clinical Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the oral microbiota and clinical data in subjects without access to traditional oral hygiene methods and who ate a diet available in the Stone Age. METHODS: Ten subjects living in an environment replicating the Stone Age for 4 weeks were enrolled in this study. Bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival and plaque indices, and probing depth (PD) were assessed at baseline and at 4 weeks. Microbiologic samples were collected at the mesio-buccal subgingival aspects of all teeth and from the dorsum of the tongue and were processed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization methods. RESULTS: No subject had periodontitis. Mean BOP decreased from 34.8% to 12.6% (P <0.001). Mean gingival index scores changed from 0.38 to 0.43 (not statistically significant) and mean plaque scores increased from 0.68 to 1.47 (P <0.001). PD at sites of subgingival sampling decreased (mean difference: 0.2 mm; P <0.001). At week 4, the total bacterial count was higher (P <0.001) for 24 of 74 species, including Bacteroides ureolyticus, Eikenella corrodens, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium nucleatum naviforme, Haemophilus influenzae, Helicobacter pylori, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Staphylococcus aureus (two strains), Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus anginosis, and Streptococcus mitis. Bacterial counts from tongue samples were higher at baseline (P <0.001) for 20 species, including Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans; serotype a), and Streptococcus spp. CONCLUSIONS: The experimental gingivitis protocol is not applicable if the diet (e.g., Stone Age) does not include refined sugars. Although plaque levels increased, BOP and PD decreased. Subgingival bacterial counts increased for several species not linked to periodontitis, whereas tongue bacterial samples decreased during the study period.

Odontostomatol Trop. 2008 Sep;31(123):25-32.

[Obesity and oral health: risk factors of obese patients in dental practice]
[Article in French]

Godlewski AE, Veyrune JL, Nicolas E.

Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France.

For 20 years, on a worldwide scale, the prevalence of obesity has always progressed as well in child as in adult. Obesity is frequently associated with other pathologies: cardiovascular, oncologic, systemic (diabetes) or oral. In this situation, the follow-up of obesity and its co morbidity needs a multidisciplinary approach. Obesity and oral health pathologies have risk factors in common, particularly dietary one. Indeed, it is established that food affects oral health. In the same way, an unbalanced diet raises the risk of overweight or obesity. Thereby, owing to these inter relations, the World Health Organization advocates to insert oral health in the Program for Global Health. First, this study presents the factors of risks that obesity and oral health diseases have in common. After, the risks and the specificity of the care of obese patients are outlined. Consecutively, a program of prevention and education of oral health is proposed.

PMID: 19266847 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


Publication Types, MeSH Terms, Substance

Effect of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on experimental periodontitis in the mouse.
Bendyk A, Marino V, Zilm PS, Howe P, Bartold PM.

Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Periodontitis is an infective disease caused predominantly by gram-negative anerobes. The host inflammatory response to these bacteria causes alveolar bone loss, which characterizes periodontitis. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have recognized anti-inflammatory effects; their oxygenated derivatives are key mediators in reducing inflammation. In this study we tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with tuna fish oil rich in the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid, would reduce alveolar bone loss in mice inoculated with periodontopathic bacteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Adult mice were fed experimental diets containing either 10% tuna oil or Sunola oil for 57 d. After 14 d, 35 mice on each diet were inoculated orally with Porphyromonas gingivalis, with a mixture of P. gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, with carboxymethylcellulose or remained untreated. The mice were killed, and soft tissue biopsies from the oral cavity of treated mice were used to determine the polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations. The maxilla was removed, stained and digitally imaged to assess bone loss around the upper molars. RESULTS: n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels were significantly higher in oral soft tissues of mice fed tuna oil compared with the control group. Mice fed tuna oil and inoculated with P. gingivalis or with the combination of F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis exhibited 72% and 54% less alveolar bone loss respectively, compared with the treatment control group. CONCLUSION: Alveolar bone loss was inversely related to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid tissue levels. In conclusion, fish oil dietary supplementation may have potential benefits as a host modulatory agent in the prevention and/or adjunctive management of periodontitis.

J Am Dent Assoc. 2009 Feb;140(2):178-84.

Potential mechanisms underpinning the nutritional modulation of periodontal inflammation.
Chapple IL.

School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, St Chads Queensway, Birmingham, England. I.L.C.CHAPPLE@bham.ac.uk

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis results from an inappropriate host response to pathogenic biofilms. Because traditional management approaches have failed to reduce disease prevalence, the research focus has shifted toward managing host-mediated inflammation. In this article, the author reviews the role of nutrition in the development and resolution of inflammation. METHODS: The author reviewed the biomedical literature to elucidate mechanisms by which dietary factors affect inflammatory processes and to establish what evidence exists for macronutritional and micronutritional modulation of inflammation at a cellular and molecular level. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperinflammation characterizes the periodontitis phenotype, and oxidative stress is a key orchestration point for the diverse signaling pathways, which control inflammation. Oxidative stress is modulated by diet, as well as by infection. Recent research has demonstrated that subtle shifts in nutritional status are associated independently with the prevalence of periodontitis. Moreover, the results of contemporary animal and human studies have demonstrated the role of specific micronutrients in the modulation of the host's inflammatory response by reducing inflammatory biomarkers and bone loss. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The scientific community is starting to realize the health benefits of diets containing foods naturally rich in antioxidants and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as the dangers of diets that are high in refined carbohydrates. Nutritional intervention studies in patients with inflammatory periodontitis are needed to evaluate the effect of nutritional approaches to periodontal management.

PMID: 19188414 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Nutrition. 2009 Jan;25(1):88-97. Epub 2008 Oct 16.

Effects of caloric restriction on inflammatory periodontal disease.
Reynolds MA, Dawson DR, Novak KF, Ebersole JL, Gunsolley JC, Branch-Mays GL, Holt SC, Mattison JA, Ingram DK, Novak MJ.

Department of Periodontics, University of Maryland, Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. mreynolds@umaryland.edu

OBJECTIVE: Dietary caloric restriction (CR) has been found to reduce systemic markers of inflammation and may attenuate the effects of chronic inflammatory conditions. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of long-term CR on naturally occurring chronic inflammatory periodontal disease in a nonhuman primate model. METHODS: The effects of long-term CR on extent and severity of naturally occurring chronic periodontal disease, local inflammatory and immune responses, and periodontal microbiology, were evaluated in a cohort of 81 (35 female and 46 male; 13-40 y of age) rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with no previous exposure to routine oral hygiene. CR monkeys had been subjected to 30% CR for 13-17 y relative to control-fed (CON) animals starting at 3-5 y of age. RESULTS: Same sex CR and CON monkeys exhibited similar levels of plaque, calculus, and bleeding on probing. Among CON animals, males showed significantly greater periodontal breakdown, as reflected by higher mean clinical attachment level and periodontal probing depth scores, than females. CR males exhibited significantly less periodontal pocketing, lower IgG antibody response, and lower IL-8 and ss-glucuronidase levels compared to CON males, whereas CR females showed a lower IgG antibody response but comparable clinical parameters and inflammatory marker levels relative to CON females. Long-term CR had no demonstrable effect on the periodontal microbiota. CONCLUSION: Males demonstrated greater risk for naturally occurring periodontal disease than females. Long-term CR may differentially reduce the production of local inflammatory mediators and risk for inflammatory periodontal disease among males but not females.

PMID: 18929461 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Br J Nutr. 2009 Mar;101(6):879-85. Epub 2008 Aug 20.

Nutritional intervention in patients with periodontal disease: clinical, immunological and microbiological variables during 12 months.
Jenzsch A, Eick S, Rassoul F, Purschwitz R, Jentsch H.

Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 57, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. axel.jenzsch@medizin.uni-leipzig.de

The role of nutrition in onset, progression and treatment of periodontitis has not been thoroughly evaluated. In the present prospective clinical study, we investigated the influence of a nutritional intervention on changes in clinical, microbiological and immunological periodontal variables during a period of 12 months in patients with the metabolic syndrome and chronic periodontitis. Twenty female subjects with the metabolic syndrome and mild to moderate chronic periodontitis participated in a guided nutritional intervention programme. Examinations were assessed before, and at 2 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months after intervention. Clinical measurements included probing depth, Löe and Silness gingival index and Quigley-Hein plaque index. In gingival crevicular fluid, periodontopathogens, levels of IL-1beta and IL-6 as well as the activity of granulocyte elastase were determined. In stimulated saliva, antioxidative and oxidative variables were measured. After 12 months the following significant changes could be observed: reduction of clinical probing depth (2.40 v. 2.20 mm; P < 0.001), reduction of gingival inflammation (gingival index 1.13 v. 0.9; P < 0.001), reduced concentrations of IL-1beta (4.63 v. 1.10 pg/ml per site; P < 0.001) as well as IL-6 (1.85 v. 0.34 pg/ml per site; P = 0.022) in gingival crevicular fluid. Bacterial counts in gingival crevicular fluid as well as oxidative and antioxidative variables in saliva showed no significant changes. Only salivary catalase showed a tendency to lower values. These findings indicate that in patients with the metabolic syndrome wholesome nutrition might reduce inflammatory variables of periodontal disease and promote periodontal health.

J Periodontol. 2008 Jul;79(7):1184-91.

The effects of a calorie-reduced diet on periodontal inflammation and disease in a non-human primate model.
Branch-Mays GL, Dawson DR, Gunsolley JC, Reynolds MA, Ebersole JL, Novak KF, Mattison JA, Ingram DK, Novak MJ.

Department of Periodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA.

BACKGROUND: Low-calorie diets are commonplace for reducing body weight. However, no information is available on the effects of a reduced-calorie diet on periodontal inflammation and disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of a long-term calorie-restriction (CR) diet on periodontitis in an animal model of periodontitis. METHODS: Periodontitis was induced in 55 young, healthy, adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) by tying 2.0 silk ligatures at the gingival margins of maxillary premolar/molar teeth. Animals on a CR diet (30% CR; N = 23) were compared to ad libitum diet controls (N = 32). Clinical measures, including the plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), modified gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 months after ligature placement. RESULTS: Significant effects of CR were observed on the development of inflammation and the progression of periodontal destruction in this model. Compared to controls, CR resulted in a significant reduction in ligature-induced GI (P <0.0001), BOP (P <0.0015), PD (P <0.0016), and CAL (P <0.0038). Periodontal destruction, as measured by CAL, progressed significantly more slowly in the CR animals than in the controls (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These clinical findings are consistent with available evidence that CR has anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, these experimental findings are the first observations, to the best of our knowledge, that CR dampens the inflammatory response and reduces active periodontal breakdown associated with an acute microbial challenge.

PMID: 18597600 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Dec 18;104(51):20466-71. Epub 2007 Dec 12.

Diet-induced obesity in mice causes changes in immune responses and bone loss manifested by bacterial challenge.
Amar S, Zhou Q, Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb Y, Leeman S.

Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA. samar@bu.edu

Obesity has been suggested to be associated with an increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. However, few studies have examined the effect of obesity on the immune response to bacterial infections. In the present study, we investigated the effect of obesity on innate immune responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis infection, an infection strongly associated with periodontitis. Mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO) and lean control C57BL/6 mice were infected orally or systemically with P. gingivalis, and periodontal pathology and systemic immune responses were examined postinfection. After oral infection with P. gingivalis, mice with DIO had a significantly higher level of alveolar bone loss than the lean controls. Oral microbial sampling disclosed higher levels of P. gingivalis in mice with DIO vs. lean mice during and after infection. Furthermore, animals with DIO exposed to oral infection or systemic inoculation of live P. gingivalis developed a blunted inflammatory response with reduced expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and serum amyloid A (SAA) at all time points compared with lean mice. Finally, peritoneal macrophages harvested from mice with DIO and exposed to P. gingivalis exhibited reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines compared with lean mice and when exposed to P. gingivalis LPS treatment had a significantly reduced recruitment of NF-kappaB to both TNF-alpha and IL-10 promoters 30 min after exposure. These data indicate that obesity interferes with the ability of the immune system to appropriately respond to P. gingivalis infection and suggest that this immune dysregulation participates in the increased alveolar bone loss after bacterial infection observed in mice with DIO.

Oral aspects of obesity.
Mathus-Vliegen EM, Nikkel D, Brand HS.

Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Academic Centre for Dentistry, Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Van der Boechorststraat, The Netherlands.

Obesity (Body Mass Index > or = 30 kg/m2) has a high prevalence of 15-30% among European and American populations. It is an incurable chronic disease with a considerable mortality and co-morbidity. The co-morbidity can be reduced substantially by a moderate weight loss of 5-15%. The main cause of obesity is an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Therefore, the treatment starts with an energy restricted diet, a reduction of sedentary lifestyle, increased physical activity, and behavioural therapy to change eating habits. When necessary, this treatment can be followed by pharmacotherapy or surgery. Obesity is related to several aspects of oral health, such as caries, periodontitis and xerostomia. In addition, obesity may have implications for the dental treatment plan.

PMID: 17849683 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2007 Aug;22(4):232-9.

Omega-3 fatty acid regulates inflammatory cytokine/mediator messenger RNA expression in Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced experimental periodontal disease.
Kesavalu L, Bakthavatchalu V, Rahman MM, Su J, Raghu B, Dawson D, Fernandes G, Ebersole JL.

Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. kesavalu@dental.ufl.edu

INTRODUCTION: Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly implicated in the etiology of adult periodontitis by inducing inflammatory cytokines, resulting in gingival and periodontal tissue inflammation and alveolar bone resorption. This study tested the hypothesis that supplementing the diet with omega-3 fatty acid (omega-3 FA; i.e. fish oil) would exert anti-inflammatory effects in the gingival tissues of P. gingivalis-infected rats. METHODS: Rats were fed either fish oil or corn oil diets ad libitum for 22 weeks and infected with P. gingivalis strain 381 or strain A7A1-28. After sacrifice, rat gingival tissues were excised and the RNA was isolated and analyzed for proinflammatory mediators [interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6], T helper type 1 and type 2 cytokines [interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-4, IL-10), antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD)], and genes critical for eicosanoid mediator production [cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO)] by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using rat-specific primers. RESULTS: Rats on the omega-3 FA diet exhibited decreased proinflammatory cytokine gene expression (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha) and enhanced IFN-gamma, CAT and SOD messenger RNA expression compared to rats fed a corn oil diet, supporting a diet-induced modulation of host inflammatory reactions. Analyses of alveolar bone resorption in the rats related to gene expression profiles demonstrated significant positive correlations with IL-1beta, IL-6 and COX-2 and negative correlations with CAT and SOD. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that diets enriched for omega-3 FA modulate the local gingival inflammatory milieu of the host following oral P. gingivalis infection, which impacts on alveolar bone resorption in rats.

Java project on periodontal diseases: the relationship between vitamin C and the severity of periodontitis.
Amaliya, Timmerman MF, Abbas F, Loos BG, Van der Weijden GA, Van Winkelhoff AJ, Winkel EG, Van der Velden U.

Department of Periodontology, Padjadjaran State University, Bandung, Indonesia.

Comment in:

J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2008 Jun;8(2):103-4.

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between vitamin C and the severity of periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study population consisted of subjects from the Malabar/Purbasari tea estate on West Java, Indonesia. In 2002, clinical measurements were performed in 128 subjects, including evaluation of plaque, bleeding on probing, pocket depth and attachment loss. In 2005, 123 out of 128 subjects could be retrieved who were present at the examination of 2002. Blood samples were taken to measure plasma vitamin C levels. Information about the subject's dietary habit was obtained by means of a personal interview guided by a questionnaire. RESULTS: Plasma levels of vitamin C ranged from 0.02 to 34.45 mg/l with a mean of 7.90 mg/l (+/-5.35). The correlation coefficient between plasma vitamin C level and periodontal attachment loss was -0.199 (p<0.05); stepwise linear regression revealed that vitamin C levels explained 3.9% of the variance in periodontal attachment loss. Subjects with vitamin C deficiency (14.7% of the study population) had more attachment loss compared with those with depletion or normal plasma vitamin C values. CONCLUSION: The negative association between plasma vitamin C levels and periodontal attachment loss suggests that vitamin C deficiency may contribute to the severity of periodontal breakdown.
wo, 11/04/2009 - 21:04 Permalink
Lieneke

Milk basic protein increases alveolar bone formation in rat experimental periodontitis.
Seto H, Toba Y, Takada Y, Kawakami H, Ohba H, Hama H, Horibe M, Nagata T.

Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Oral and Maxillofacial Dentistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan. seto@0648.net

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: It is conceivable that the active components extracted from milk whey protein (i.e. milk basic protein, MBP) stimulate bone formation and suppress bone resorption. Periodontitis is characterized by excessive alveolar bone resorption. We examined whether milk basic protein could recover alveolar bone loss in rat experimental periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A nylon ligature was placed around the cervix of molars in 8-wk-old male Fischer rats for 20 d. Then, the ligature was removed and a powder diet containing 0.2 or 1.0% milk basic protein was provided daily for another 45-90 d. On days 45 and 90, the maxillae were extracted and analyzed using microcomputerized tomography (micro-CT), followed by histological analysis. RESULTS: Micro-CT images showed that alveolar bone resorption was severely induced around the molar by the 20-d ligature procedure. Treatment with high-dose milk basic protein (1.0%) clearly recovered ligature-induced alveolar bone resorption on days 45 and 90, whereas low-dose milk basic protein (0.2%) did not show such a clear effect. Histological examination clarified that the osteoid thickness of alveolar bone was dose dependently increased by milk basic protein treatment for 90 d. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that a systemic administration of milk basic protein may be effective for the recovery of alveolar bone loss in periodontitis.

PMID: 17214644 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2006 Nov;36(6):1385-401, ix.

Dietary influences on periodontal health in dogs and cats.
Logan EI.

Hill's Pet Nutrition, PO Box 148, Topeka, KS 66601, USA. ellen_logan@hillspet.com

A pet cannot be healthy without oral health. Periodontal is a significant disease that has local and systemic ramifications. It has been stated earlier that effective plaque control prevents gingivitis. In human beings, 90% of periodontitis occurs as the result of progression gingivitis, and this type of periodontitis can be completely prevented by plaque control. It is reasonable that dogs and cats react similarly and that effective plaque control could prevent a large percentage of periodontitis cases. Proper nutrition and effective oral hygiene are necessary components of oral health and should be jointly promoted in the management of oral disease in dogs and cats.

Omega-3 fatty acid effect on alveolar bone loss in rats.
Kesavalu L, Vasudevan B, Raghu B, Browning E, Dawson D, Novak JM, Correll MC, Steffen MJ, Bhattacharya A, Fernandes G, Ebersole JL.

Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, 159 HSRB, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0305, USA. knlaks0@uky.edu

Gingival inflammation and alveolar bone resorption are hallmarks of adult periodontitis, elicited in response to oral micro-organisms such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. We hypothesized that omega (omega)-3 fatty acids (FA) dietary supplementation would modulate inflammatory reactions leading to periodontal disease in infected rats. Rats were fed fish oil (omega-3 FA) or corn oil (n-6 FA) diets for 22 weeks and were infected with P. gingivalis. Rats on the omega-3 FA diet exhibited elevated serum levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), documenting diet-induced changes. PCR analyses demonstrated that rats were orally colonized by P. gingivalis; increased IgG antibody levels substantiated this infection. P. gingivalis-infected rats treated with omega-3 FA had significantly less alveolar bone resorption. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of an omega-3 FA-supplemented diet in modulating alveolar bone resorption following P. gingivalis infection, and supported that omega-3 FA may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of periodontal disease.

Whole-grain and fiber intakes and periodontitis risk in men.
Merchant AT, Pitiphat W, Franz M, Joshipura KJ.

Population Health Research Institute and the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. anwar.merchant@post.harvard.edu

BACKGROUND: Diabetes and hyperglycemia increase periodontitis risk, severity, and extent. Increased whole-grain and fiber intakes are associated with improved insulin sensitivity and may therefore affect periodontitis risk. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine the associations between whole-grain and fiber intakes and periodontitis risk. DESIGN: We prospectively followed 34,160 male US health professionals aged 40-75 y at the outset. We updated medical and lifestyle information biennially with questionnaires and diet every 4 y by using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. We excluded men reporting periodontitis, myocardial infarction, stroke, and hypercholesterolemia before 1986 and those with incomplete dietary data. All diabetics were excluded. Periodontitis was determined by a report of professionally diagnosed disease and validated by a diagnosis of periodontitis by a periodontist from a blinded review of radiographs. RESULTS: Men in the highest quintile of whole-grain intake were 23% less likely to get periodontitis than were those in the lowest quintile (multivariate RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.89; P for trend < 0.001) after adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, alcohol intake, physical activity, and total energy intake. Periodontitis was not associated with refined-grain intake (multivariate RR comparing extreme quintiles of intake: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.23; P for trend = 0.37). Cereal fiber was inversely related to periodontitis risk (multivariate RR comparing extreme quintiles of intake: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.99; P for trend = 0.03), but the association was not significant after adjustment for whole-grain intake. CONCLUSION: Increasing whole grain in the diet without increasing total energy intake may reduce periodontitis risk
Oxidative damage of periodontal tissue in the rat periodontitis model: effects of a high-cholesterol diet.
Tomofuji T, Azuma T, Kusano H, Sanbe T, Ekuni D, Tamaki N, Yamamoto T, Watanabe T.

Department of Oral Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan.

Studies suggest an association between consumption of a high-cholesterol diet and periodontitis. We addressed the mechanism by which high dietary cholesterol could be detrimental to periodontal health in a rat model. Feeding a high-cholesterol diet augmented the effects of bacterial pathogens and their products (e.g., lipopolysaccharide and proteases) on production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in fibroblasts. High dietary cholesterol also increased mitochondrial 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in the periodontal tissues. These results suggest that excessive tissue oxidative damage induced by high dietary cholesterol could potentiate pro-inflammatory cytokine production by fibroblasts stimulated with bacterial pathogens.

Periodontitis and three health-enhancing behaviors: maintaining normal weight, engaging in recommended level of exercise, and consuming a high-quality diet.
Al-Zahrani MS, Borawski EA, Bissada NF.

Division of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. mxa67@cwru.edu

Comment in:

J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2006 Sep;6(3):230-1.

BACKGROUND: Maintaining normal weight, engaging in the recommended level of exercise, and eating healthy food are known to improve general health. The impact of these behaviors on periodontal health is not well documented. This study is aimed at examining whether the increased number of these behaviors is associated with a decrease in the prevalence of periodontitis in a United States population. METHODS: This study utilized data on 12,110 individuals who participated in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between the number of health-enhancing behaviors and periodontitis prevalence. Health enhancing behaviors included maintaining normal weight (body mass index [BMI], 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m(2)), engaging in the recommended level of exercises (>or=episodes of moderate or >or=episodes of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week), and having a high-quality diet (healthy eating index >80). RESULTS: After controlling for age, gender, race\ethnicity, cigarette smoking, other tobacco products, education, diabetes, poverty index, census region, acculturation, vitamin use, time since the last dental visit, dental calculus, and gingival bleeding, a 1-unit increase in the number of the three health-enhancing behaviors was associated with a 16% reduction in the prevalence of periodontitis (odds ratio [OR]=0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77 to 0.93). Individuals who maintained normal weight, engaged in the recommended level of exercise, and had a high-quality diet were 40% less likely to have periodontitis compared to individuals who maintained none of these health-enhancing behaviors. CONCLUSION: An increased number of health-enhancing behaviors is associated with a lower periodontitis prevalence. J Periodontol 2005;76:1362-1366.

The influence of diet consistence, drinking water and bedding on periodontal disease in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Björnsson MJ, Velschow S, Stoltze K, Havemose-Poulsen A, Schou S, Holmstrup P.

Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

BACKGROUND: Although rats have been extensively used in periodontal research, pre-experimental periodontal inspection has not been given high priority in previous studies of experimental periodontal disease in rats. An inspection of 50 Sprague-Dawley rats, which were to be used in a model of experimental periodontal disease, revealed signs of periodontal disease in a considerable proportion of the animals. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the present study were to describe disease progression, identify factors responsible for induction of periodontal disease and test a method for breeding of healthy rats. METHODS AND RESULTS: A longitudinal study revealed that 33% of rats, bred under the same conditions, showed signs of periodontal disease during, or shortly after, eruption of the molars. Regular diet caused significantly more horizontal bone loss (P = 0.0001) and significantly less periodontal bone support (P < 0.0001) than the same kind of diet with a smaller grain size. Wood chip bedding in the rats' cages significantly reduced periodontal bone support (P < 0.0001) compared to a wire mesh floor and a simultaneous use of regular diet and bedding decreased it even further (P = 0.0023). Finally, by using finely milled diet, a wire mesh floor and tap water, instead of conventional breeding methods of regular diet, bedding and acidic water, it was possible to breed rats with minimal signs of periodontal disease. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study emphasize the need for pre- experimental examination of rats. They also show that diet and bedding conditions have the potential of seriously influencing outcomes of studies of periodontal disease in rats.

Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1995 Jun;23(3):155-8.

Association of lifestyle with periodontal health.
Sakki TK, Knuuttila ML, Vimpari SS, Hartikainen MS.

Department of Periodontology and Geriatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, Finland.

All the 1012, 55-yr-old citizens of Oulu (a medium-sized Finnish town) were invited to a clinical examination, and 780 of them participated. The associations of lifestyle with periodontal health were analyzed in the 527 dentate subjects. Periodontal pockets deeper than 3 mm were recorded as a percentage of the surfaces at risk. Lifestyle was measured by questions about dietary habits, smoking habits, alcohol consumption and physical activity. Lifestyle had an independent association with periodontal health. Periodontal pocketing increased with an unhealthier lifestyle. Lifestyle could explain some of the social and sex differences in periodontal health.

PMID: 7634770 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Personal risk factors for generalized periodontitis.
Clarke NG, Hirsch RS.

Department of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, South Australia.

Periodontitis is generally considered to be a consequence of an unfavourable host-parasite interaction in which bacteria are the determinants of disease. An intense search continues for the bacteria, specific or non-specific, that are responsible for periodontitis and various forms of the periodontal diseases have been associated with, and are widely believed to be caused by, specific bacterial groups. However, the distribution of periodontopathic bacteria is far wider than the distribution of periodontitis, indicating that the association between bacteria and periodontitis is weak. This paper proposes a paradigm for the etiology of generalized periodontitis in which 'host' factors are not only those triggered by bacteria (the agent) but are also those personal factors that influence the outcome of the host/parasite relationship. The personal factors that diminish the efficiency of host defense may include psycho-social stress from the social environment, factors from the lifestyle such as diet, smoking and alcoholism and systemic factors such as intercurrent disease or deficiencies within the immune/inflammatory system. A model is described in which the interaction of personal factors with the social environment provides the potential for the initiation of periodontitis. Biological variation is significant and the combination of factors that cause generalized periodontitis or any other chronic disease in one individual may not result in dental or any other chronic disease in another.

PMID: 7775670 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

J Periodontal Res. 1992 Mar;27(2):149-58.

Effects of destructive periodontitis, induced by diet, on the mechanical properties of the periodontal ligament of the mandibular first molar in golden hamsters.
Yamazaki Y.

Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan.

To examine progressive changes in the mechanical properties of the periodontal ligament in the hamster mandibular first molar with experimental periodontitis--induced by feeding a high-carbohydrate diet--load-deformation curves obtained by extracting the tooth from its socket in the dissected jaw were analyzed. The maximum shear load, elastic stiffness and failure energy in shear in the experimental groups decreased significantly during the experimental period. On the other hand, significant differences in the maximum deformation were not found between the experimental and the relevant control groups. Radiographic and histological observations showed that the alveolar bone loss and destruction of the periodontal tissues occurred at the cervical region of the tooth in the experimental animals at 8 and 12 weeks after the start of the experiment. It is suggested that the reduction of the mechanical strength of the periodontal ligament in the experimental animals may be due to the alveolar bone loss, destruction of the periodontal tissues at the cervical region--particularly on the lingual aspect--followed by a decrease in the surface area of the ligament. It is also suggested that degenerative changes in the remaining periodontal ligament occurred in hamsters with periodontal disease, causing a reduction in the mechanical strength of the ligament.

PMID: 1532204 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
High fruit consumption and the periodontal status of farm workers.
Blignaut JB, Grobler SR.

Faculty of Dentistry, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa.

The results of a study on the periodontal health of orchard and vineyard workers on apple, grape, citrus and mixed-variety fruit farms are presented. Workers on grain farms were used as controls. The only significant differences in the diets of the different groups were the very large amounts of fresh fruits eaten by the fruit-farm workers. The CPITN index was used to record the periodontal status. Healthy periodontal sextants (code 0) were significantly less in the citrus group (P less than 0.05) compared to the other groups. However, this group also showed a significantly (p less than 0.05) lower prevalence of deep periodontal pockets than the other groups.

[Relationship between development of periodontitis and macrophage's defensive power against infection in rats fed a high-sucrose diet]
[Article in Japanese]

Ichimura K, Sato I, Qu J, Shimojima T, Fujihashi H, Ikeda K.

Department of Periodontology, Meikai University School of Dentistry.

As mononuclear phagocytes have been implicated as important cellular elements in the process of bone resorption, we decided to study the relevancy of macrophage (M phi) activities to bone resorption. In this study, we investigated the phagocytic activity and activities of lysosomal enzymes of peritoneal resident M phi from rats fed a high-sucrose diet (Diet 2000) to appreciate the effects of Diet 2000 on systemic and local factors. Minkin et al. have postulated that bone-derived chemotactic factors were released from foci undergoing resorption. And so, we examined the effects of the supernatant from alveolar bone cultures (Bone-sup) prepared from rats fed Diet 2000 on the activities of glycogen induced peritoneal M phi. As a result we observed mild alveolar bone resorption with slight inflammation when the rats were fed Diet 2000 for six months. In the periodontal tissue, we found inflammatory cell infiltration, destruction of the periodontal ligament, and lacunae in the alveolar bone due to resorption. The phagocytic activity of M phi treated with Bone-sups was suppressed before the periodontal tissue, which is inflammatory condition such as alveolar bone resorption. Furthermore the phagocytic activity of resident M phi taken from rats on the Diet 2000 was suppressed. After one month of the Diet 2000, the activity of acid phosphatase (AcP), a lysosomal enzyme of M phi, was suppressed, but by six months it was enhanced. The activity of beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), another lysosomal enzyme of M phi, was suppressed over the total period of Diet 2000 before the periodontal tissue was destroyed. These findings suggest that the capacity for defense against infection by M phi is suppressed when periodontitis is initiated by Diet 2000 feeding and that M phi activities are influenced by some factors elaborated by cells in the alveolar bone.

The effect of a high consumption of apples or grapes on dental caries and periodontal disease in humans.
Grobler SR, Blignaut JB.

The intent of this study was to determine the effect of a high consumption of either apples or grapes on the caries experience (DMFT), and periodontal health. Farm workers employed by apple-producing, grape-producing and grain (control) producing farms in low fluoride areas (F less than 0.10 ppm) were investigated. To avoid contamination, only these farms where either apples, grapes or grain were cultivated solely, were included in the study. The caries incidence was found to be the highest for the apple group (24.2), lower for the grape group (17.4), and the lowest for the control group (9.9). The caries incidence differed statistically significantly (P less than 0.01) among the three groups. A higher caries incidence was found in the group of older subjects (35+ years) than in the 15-34 year old group. In general, for both age groups the control group showed conspicuously the highest number of dentate sextants with advanced periodontitis. Significantly less (P less than 0.01) advanced periodontitis and pocket formation could be seen in the youngest age group (15-34 years) of all three test groups. Thus, to conclude, it was found that the consumption of a high amount of apples and to a lesser degree grapes contributed significantly to dental caries. However, the above fruits had a beneficial effect on the periodontal status.

PMID: 2598575 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
wo, 11/04/2009 - 21:27 Permalink
mecánico para …

tis me wat. en voor 1x ben ik het toch met spiegelmansz eens. bij normaal westerse voeding kom je niets te kort en alleen bij een evident tekort krijg een situatie waar al verslechtering aanwezig is............severe parodontitis. een extra possibility tot breakdown.

alsof je hele gestel dan al niet genoeg leidt onder die enorme chronische ontsteking. Zo hebben ze ook veel links gelegd naar hartfalen en alles wijst erop dat je lichaam een geheel is..........da's toevallig. Niets gebeurd zomaar.
Echter, ik zou eerst alle rechtstreekse variabelen uitschakelen alvorens naar vitaminetekort te kijken. dus plaque beheersing, voeding, eventueel additioneel spoelen met chloorhexidine. dan eventuele parodontaal onwenselijke stammen bacterien aanpakken, roken uitsluiten, diabetes instelling op orde dat werk..........en dan eens kijken of je te weinig rozebotteljam hebt gescoord lately
wo, 11/04/2009 - 21:51 Permalink
Spiegeltje

en appels en druiven eten................uuuh zit misschien wel meer in dan alleen vit-c. wie weet is fysiologische reiniging wel de reden. ik vind sommige onderbouwingen niet echt heel sterk overkomen luitjes

Dat bedoel ik. Dan wordt iets statistisch significant genoemd maar dat wil alleen zeggen dat het beoordeelde effect geen toeval is. Het zegt niks over de oorzaak, en ook niet over de relevantie ervan. De onderzoekers hebben misschien wel iets over het hoofd gezien. Bij ernstige vitamine C en B3 deficiëntie daarentegen zijn de mechanismen goed.bekend die aanleiding geven tot afbraak van het parodontium. En daarmee is de relatie gelegd. Bij ontbreken van zon causaal verband kun je ook wel iets hard maken maar dan moet je van zeer goede huize komen. Volgens de wetenschappelijke benadering dan.
wo, 11/04/2009 - 22:25 Permalink
Lieneke

bij normaal westerse voeding kom je niets te kort


Precies...normale westerse voeding...Bij sommige is het normale echt ver te zoeken. Die eten dagelijks bij de MMMMMac.
Ik geloof dat we het gewoon met elkaar eens zijn. Zoals ik al zei: hard bewijs bij mensen is er niet, wel bij dieren. Dus inderdaad is de aanpak bij paro allereerst bacterien elimineren. Werkt dit onvoldoende dan kan er alsnog naar de voeding worden gekeken.
wo, 11/04/2009 - 22:37 Permalink
Spiegeltje

Met name wat betreft vitamine D. Dat zit trouwens niet in voeding.


Welke van die pubmed onderzoeken zegt dat? Dat de hoeveelheid vitamine D (vooral D3) die we aan onze voeding onttrekken te weinig is om aan onze behoefte te voldoen is wat anders dan dat het niet in voeding voorkomt (vis, eieren, levertraan)...

Je hebt gelijk, wel in de voeding maar niet genoeg (vaak). Dat stond ook niet op pubmed.

Dat van D3 als kwaaie pier wist ik niet maar wel B3 (nicotinezuur).
wo, 11/04/2009 - 22:41 Permalink